What is the main ingredient in a permanent wave solution?

The main ingredient in a permanent wave solution is ammonium thioglycolate. This compound serves as a reducing agent that breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair's keratin structure, allowing the hair to be molded into a new shape. Once the hair is set into the desired curl, an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, is typically applied to re-form the disulfide bonds in their new configuration.

Ammonium thioglycolate is specifically formulated for permanent waving and is effective in creating long-lasting curls. Its pH is adjustable, which allows for versatility in its use depending on the hair type and desired outcome. This makes it a key component in the permanent waving process, as it directly facilitates the chemical change required to achieve the look. Other ingredients like hydrogen peroxide are auxiliary in this process and serve a different function, such as neutralizing the solution but do not act as the primary agent for creating the wave.